• Join or Renew
  • Give
  • Login
Menu
  • About
    • History
      • Nobel Laureates
      • 125th Anniversary of Sigma Xi
        • Members Talking to Members
      • Sigma Xi Center
    • Value of Membership
    • Connect with Sigma Xi
    • Support Sigma Xi
    • Leadership
      • Current & Past Presidents
      • Board of Directors
      • Regional Directors
      • Constituency Directors
      • Committees
      • Officers
        • Officer Duties
      • Elections
    • Organization
      • Constitution
      • Bylaws
      • Mission
      • Pledge
      • Code of Ethical Conduct
      • Political Advocacy Policy
      • Copyright Information
      • Privacy Policy
      • Refund Policy
      • Terms and Conditions
      • State Fundraising Notices
    • Jobs
    • Sigma Xi Merchandise
    • FAQ
    • Contact Us
    • Annual Report
    • Strategic Plan
    • Public Statements
    • Elections
      • 2024 Election Results
  • News
    • Special Feature: Women In STEM 2023
    • Sigma Xi Today
    • Keyed In Blog
      • About
      • Search Results
      • Join Sigma Xi
        • American Scientist's Blogs
      • Blog Policy
      • Communities
    • News Archive
    • Newsletters
    • In Memoriam
  • Chapters
    • Locate a Chapter
    • Chapter Awards
    • Chapter Model Programs
    • Officer Resource Center
    • Start a Chapter
    • Reactivate an Existing Chapter
    • Chapter Grants
  • Meetings & Events
    • International Forum on Research Excellence (IFoRE)
    • Student Research Showcase
    • Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Fellowship
    • Science Policy Bootcamp
    • Sigma Xience
    • Distinguished Lecturer Adobe Connect Sessions
    • Volunteer
    • Calendar
    • Past Events
      • Past Annual Meetings
        • 2021
          • Annual Meeting and Student Research Conference
            • Student Research Conference
            • Business Meeting
            • Agenda
            • Speakers
            • Conference Tracks
            • Registration Rates
            • STEM Art and Film Festival
            • College and Graduate School Fair
            • Program Committee
            • Become a Sponsor
          • Student Research Showcase
            • 2021 Presentations
            • Competition Timeline
            • Awards
            • Student Resources
            • Information for Judges
            • Abstract Tips
        • 2020
          • Annual Meeting and Student Research Conference
            • Agenda
            • Business Meeting
            • Symposia Tracks
            • Student Research Conference
            • College and Graduate School Fair
            • STEM Art and Film Festival
              • Schedule
          • Student Research Showcase
            • Competition Timeline
            • Abstract Tips
            • Awards
            • Student Resources
            • Information for Judges
            • 2019 Presentations
            • 2020 Presentations
          • Virtual Student Scholars Symposium
        • 2016
          • Student Research Showcase
            • Showcase Registration
            • Google Hangouts
              • Tips for the 2016 Student Research Showcase
            • Resources
          • Networking & Social Events
        • 2018
          • Annual Meeting and Student Research Conference
            • Big Data Symposia
            • Business Meeting
            • Student Research Conference
          • Student Research Showcase
            • Showcase Registration
            • Information for Participating Students
            • Information for Judges
        • 2017
          • Student Research Showcase
          • See the Total Solar Eclipse with Sigma Xi
          • Assembly of Delegates
          • Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Health
          • Student Research Conference
        • 2019
          • Student Research Showcase
            • Information for Participating Students
          • Annual Meeting and Student Research Conference
            • Left Nav Links
              • Preliminary Schedule
              • Speakers
              • Student Research Conference
              • Symposia
              • Business Meeting
              • Registration Rates
              • Travel and Hotel
              • Professional Headshots
              • Things to Do
              • Become a Sponsor
              • Promotional Material
              • STEM Art and Film Festival
              • Program Committee
              • Communication Coaching Program
            • Preliminary Schedule
            • Student Research Conference
            • Symposia
            • Business Meeting
            • Policy on Respect
            • Promotional Material
            • STEM Art and Film Festival
              • Schedule
            • Professional Poster Session
            • Welcome Letter from the Executive Director and CEO
  • Membership
    • Becoming a Member
    • Renew
    • Benefits
      • Federal Grant Opportunities
    • Member-Get-A-Member
    • Affiliate Circle
    • Sigma Xi Explorers
    • NPA Joint Membership
    • AAAS Special Offer
    • Sigma Xi Fellows
      • 2020 Fellows
      • 2021 Fellows
      • 2022 Fellows
      • 2023 Fellows
      • 2024 Fellows
  • Programs
    • Ethics and Research
      • Ethics Publications
      • Ethics Events & Programs
      • Resources
      • John F. Ahearne
      • Webinars
    • Grants in Aid of Research
      • Application and Resources
      • Grant Recipients
      • History
      • Special Named Funds
      • Faces of GIAR
      • GIAR Generations: Paying it Forward
      • 100 Years of GIAR
    • Student Research Showcase
    • Critical Issues in Science
      • Energy
      • Ethics
      • Food Safety
      • Human Rights
      • Water
      • UN-Sigma Xi Climate Change Report
      • Evolution Resources
      • Postdoc Survey
      • Diversity
      • Quarterly Conversations
      • Statement on Climate Change
      • Mental Health and Well-Being of Researchers
    • Distinguished Lectureships
      • 2024-2025 Lecturers
      • Past Lecturers
        • 2023-2024 Lecturers
        • 2022-2023 Lecturers
        • 2021-2022 Lecturers
        • 2020-2021 Lecturers
        • 2019-2020 Lecturers
        • 2018-2019 Lecturers
        • 2017-2018 Lecturers
        • 2016-2017 Lecturers
        • 2015-2016 Lecturers
        • 2014-2015 Lecturers
      • Pariser Global Lectureship for Innovation in Physical Sciences
      • Becoming a Lecturer
      • Lectureship Sponsors
      • Chapter Subsidy
      • Hosting a Lecturer
      • Lectureship Visit Report
      • Previously Recorded Q&A Sessions
      • Special Series on COVID-19
    • Prizes and Awards
      • Gold Key
      • Linda Mantel Award
      • William Procter
      • John McGovern
      • Walston Chubb
      • Young Investigator
      • Ferguson Award
      • Honorary Membership
      • Bugliarello Prize
      • Monie Ferst
      • Criteria for Curricula Vitae
      • Submit Award Nominations
    • Research Partnerships
    • STEM Partnerships
      • American Junior Academy of Sciences
      • Conrad Foundation
      • Regeneron ISEF
      • USA Science & Engineering Festival
    • Research Communications Initiative
    • Science Communication
    • Science Cafes
    • Globally Engaged Workforce
      • Globally Engaged Workforce Links
    • SciCommMake
      • #SciCommMake 2022
      • #SciCommMake 2021
      • #SciCommMake: COVID-19
      • #SciCommMake 2020
      • #SciCommMake FAQ
    • American Scientist for High Schools
  • Publications
    • American Scientist
  • Home/
  • 2015

  • About

    • Support Sigma Xi
    • Organization
    • Leadership
    • History
    • Sigma Xi Merchandise
    • Jobs
    • FAQ
    • Contact Us

  • Programs

    • Ethics and Research
    • Grants-in-Aid
    • Critical Issues in Science
    • Lectureships
    • Prizes & Awards
    • Partnerships
    • Science Cafes
    • Globally Engaged Workforce
    • Affiliate Circle

  • Chapters

    • Locate a Chapter
    • Chapter Awards
    • Chapter Model Programs
    • Officer Resource Center

  • Meetings & Events

    • International Forum on Research Excellence (IFoRE)
    • Student Research Showcase
    • Past Events
    • Volunteer

  • Members

    • Join / Nominate
    • Renew
    • Benefits
    • MembersOnly

  • News

    • Sigma Xi Today
    • Keyed In Blog
    • News Archive
    • Meet Your Fellow Companions
    • Newsletters
    • Members in the News

    Publications

    • American Scientist
    • Chronicle of The New Researcher
  • Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society
  • P.O. Box 13975
  • 700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 160
  • Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
  • Phone: 800-243-6534 or 919-549-4691
  • Fax: 919-549-0090
  • Privacy Policy
  • Refund Policy
  • Terms and Conditions
  • State Fundraising Notices
  • Copyright ©2024. All Rights Reserved.