1.	SIGMA XI, THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SOCIETY
2.	BYLAWS OF THE SOCIETY
3.	BYLAW I. Activities of the Society. Activities appropriate to the
4.	fulfillment of the object of the Society include: the election to
5.	membership and associate membership in the Society of students,
6.	faculty members, investigators in research institutions and others
7.	who meet the requirements for membership set forth in Article II,
8.	Section 3 A and B of the Constitution; the maintenance of
9.	companionship among the membership in various fields of science
10.	through association with chapters; the holding of meetings for the
11.	discussion of scientific subjects; the publication of American
12.	Scientist and other publications devoted to the dissemination of
13.	scientific information, especially the results of research in progress;
14.	and the encouragement of scientific research through other means
15.	such as Grants-in-Aid of Research to individual investigators, the
16.	presentation of awards for excellence in research and the
17.	maintenance of the lectureship programs.
18.	BYLAW II. Membership in the Society
19.	Section 1. Membership of Chapters. A. Chapters. The
20.	membership of a chapter, subject to the requirements of Article IV,
21.	Section 1 of the Constitution, shall consist of the active Members
22.	and the active Associate Members who present satisfactory
23.	credentials showing election to membership in the Society, who
24.	request affiliation with the chapter and who are accepted by the
25.	chapter. They shall be recorded as such in the Headquarters of the
26.	Society.
27.	B. Membership-at-Large. The membership-at-large, subject to the
28.	requirements of Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution, shall
29.	consist of the active Members and the active Associate Members
30.	who are not affiliated with any chapter. They shall be recorded as
31.	such in the Headquarters of the Society.
32.	Section 2. Criteria for Membership. A. General Requirements.
33.	In the expanding field of science, enumeration of those disciplines
34.	appropriate to membership in the Society is not possible as the sole
35.	basis for defining the criteria for membership. For this reason,
36.	nomination of an individual engaged in scientific research may be
37.	made provided that the nominee is, by the quantitative emphasis of
38.	the work combined with its synthesis and qualitative stature, deemed
39.	eligible for nomination.
40.	B. Noteworthy Achievement. Noteworthy achievement in research
41.	specified for election or promotion to full membership, Article II,
42.	Section 3 A of the Constitution, must be evidenced by publications,
43.	patents, written reports or a thesis or dissertation, which must be
44.	available to the Committee on Admissions if requested. If the work
45.	is "classified," it shall be assessed for the Committee on Admissions
46.	by a "cleared" Member. Membership in the Society is neither linked
47.	to the possession of any degree nor contingent upon belonging to
48.	some other organization.
49.	C. Research Aptitude. Research aptitude specified for election to
50.	associate membership, Article II, Section 3 B of the Constitution,
51.	must be evidenced by independent investigation ordinarily resulting
52.	in a written report, which must be available to the Committee on
53.	Admissions if requested. If the work is "classified," it shall be
54.	assessed for the Committee on Admissions by a "cleared" Member.
55.	Associate membership is offered to encourage young investigators
56.	with promise to continue careers in research. In making the
57.	nomination for such membership, both the nominator and the
58.	seconder attest to the nominee's potential for future promotion to
59.	Member.
60.	Section 3. Nomination Procedures. A. Responsibility. The
61.	responsibility for nomination of an individual for membership in the
62.	Society, and thus upholding the high ideals of the Society, rests upon
63.	the Members of the Society. Only those individuals whose research
64.	achievements deserve special recognition should be nominated as
65.	Members, and only those individuals whose potential for future
66.	success in research, and thus eventual attainment of full
67.	membership, should be nominated for Associate Members.
68.	Membership in Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society is an
69.	honor and requires discriminating judgment on the part of the
70.	membership and of the Committee on Admissions.
71.	B. To a Chapter. Each nomination for election as a Member or an
72.	Associate Member to a chapter shall: (i) be made in writing, (ii)
73.	present full evidence of the eligibility of the nominee, and (iii) be
74.	signed by at least two active Members of the chapter as nominator
75.	and seconder. Such written nomination shall be sent to the secretary
76.	of the chapter who shall, in turn, deliver it to the Committee on
77.	Admissions of the chapter for its consideration.
78.	C. To the Membership-at-Large. Each nomination for election as
79.	a Member or an Associate Member to the membership-at-large shall:
80.	(i) be made in writing, (ii) present full evidence of the eligibility of
81.	the nominee, and (iii) be signed by at least two active Members of
82.	the Society as nominator and seconder. Nominations for Associate
83.	Members shall be signed by Members of the nominee's current
84.	institution, or shall explain how the nominator/seconder have
85.	personal knowledge of the nominee's research activities and
86.	contributions. All nominations to the membership-at-large shall be
87.	sent for consideration to the committee designated by the Board of
88.	Directors as its Committee on Admissions.
89.	Section 4. Committee on Admissions. A. Selection. (i) Of a
90.	chapter. Each chapter shall have a Committee on Admissions
91.	composed of Members of the chapter and selected in a manner
92.	prescribed in the bylaws of the chapter.
93.	(ii) Of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall
94.	designate an appropriate committee to serve as a Committee on
95.	Admissions.
96.	B. Duties and Responsibilities. (i) Consideration of Nominees.
97.	Each Committee on Admissions shall carefully consider and vote on
98.	all nominations that have been duly received, and shall recommend
99.	to the chapter for election/promotion those candidates for full
100.	membership or associate membership who have been approved by
101.	the Committee.
102.	(ii) Review of the Roster. The Committee on Admissions of a
103.	chapter shall periodically review the roster of Associate Members
104.	with the view of possible promotion to full membership. Also, an
105.	Associate Member may submit to the secretary of the chapter which
106.	elected them, or to the secretary of the chapter with which the
107.	Associate Member is currently affiliated, evidence of eligibility for
108.	promotion to full membership.
109.	Section 5. Election to Membership. A. Responsibility.
110.	Responsibility for the election of an individual to membership in the
111.	Society as a Member or Associate Member is vested in the full
112.	membership of a chapter or in the committee so designated by the
113.	Board. In the election of new members, the full membership shall
114.	be guided by the recommendations of the Committee on
115.	Admissions.
116.	B. Procedures. (i) Of a Chapter. A chapter shall vote only on
117.	those nominees for membership who have been recommended by the
118.	Committee on Admissions. An affirmative vote of at least three-
119.	fourths of the Members present and voting at a meeting shall be
120.	necessary for election or promotion.
121.	(ii) Of the Committee Designated by the Board . The committee
122.	designated by the Board shall elect or promote to membership in the
123.	Society those nominees of which the Committee approves.
124.	(iii) Exception for Chapters. Without limiting its own power in
125.	paragraph B (i) above, a chapter may empower its Committee on
126.	Admissions to elect/promote to membership or associate
127.	membership in the Society provided that in each such
128.	election/promotion a unanimous vote of the Committee shall be
129.	required.
130.	Section 6. Initiation of New Members. A. Procedures. (i)
131.	Member-elect present. Each Member-elect and each Associate
132.	Member-elect in a chapter shall, except as provided for in (ii) below,
133.	be initiated at such time after the election as the bylaws of the
134.	chapter prescribe and in accordance with the form prescribed in B,
135.	below, before being admitted to membership in the Society. At the
136.	conclusion of the initiation ceremony, the new members shall be
137.	presented to the chapter.
138.	(ii) Member-elect or Associate Member-elect Absent and
139.	Member-elect or Associate Member-elect by the Committee
140.	Designated by the Board . Any Members-elect or Associate
141.	Members-elect who are unable to attend a regular initiation
142.	ceremony are required to state to either the president of the electing
143.	chapter or to the Chair of the committee designated by the Board,
144.	that they (a) have read the culture, mission and vision
145.	statements of the Society and (b) assent in writing to the Pledge,
146.	whereupon they shall be admitted to membership in the Society.
147.	(iii) Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall be initiated
148.	into the Society by the President, or by a person designated by the
149.	President, at a suitable ceremony.
150.	B. Pledge of the Society. Members-elect and Associate Members-
151.	elect shall be informed of the aims and objectives of the Society, and
152.	shall be required to assent, either orally or in writing to the president
153.	of the electing chapter or the president’s deputy, or in writing to the
154.	Chair of the committee designated by the Board , to the following
155.	Pledge: "Do you hereby pledge yourself, in accordance with the
156.	purposes and objectives of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research
157.	Society, to encourage original investigations in science, to foster
158.	companionship and cooperation among scientists, to maintain honor,
159.	integrity and honesty in all scientific activities, and to assume the
160.	other continuing responsibilities of membership?" Members-elect
161.	and Associate Members-elect who attend a regular initiation are
162.	expected to have read the culture, mission and vision statements
163.	of the Society, whereupon they are admitted to membership in the
164.	Society.
165.	C. Certificate of Membership. (i) Members and Associate
166.	Members. Upon admission to membership, each new Member or
167.	Associate Member shall receive a certificate of membership which
168.	shall be in a form approved by the Assembly of Delegates, bear the
169.	Seal of the Society, and be signed by the President of the Society, the
170.	Executive Director, and the president and secretary of the electing
171.	chapter or the Chair of the committee designated by the Board
172.	Each new Member or Associate Member shall also receive the
173.	official emblem, or the authorization to secure such emblem.
174.	(ii) Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall receive a
175.	suitable certificate of membership approved by the Board of
176.	Directors, bearing the Seal of the Society, and signed by the
177.	President and the Executive Director.
178.	Section 7. Changes in Membership Status. A. Active to Inactive
179.	Active members who fail to comply with the provisions of Article
180.	IV, Section 1 of the Constitution shall be transferred to inactive
181.	membership, and shall be recorded as such in the Headquarters of
182.	the Society.
183.	B. Inactive to Active. An inactive member may, at any time and at
184.	the member's discretion, be returned to active membership by
185.	complying with the provisions of Article IV, Section 1 of the
186.	Constitution, and by indicating to the Headquarters of the Society the
187.	chapter, or the membership-at-large, with which the member wishes
188.	to be affiliated. Such change shall be recorded appropriately in the
189.	Headquarters of the Society.
190.	C. Life Membership. Procedures for attainment of Life
191.	Membership shall be established, from time to time, by the Board of
192.	Directors and ratified by the Assembly of Delegates. Upon
193.	attainment of Life Membership, the member is relieved thereafter
194.	from complying with the provisions of Article IV, Section 1 of the
195.	Constitution.
196.	D. Emeritus Status. Any active Member or Associate Member
197.	who has paid annual dues for the immediately preceding 10 years
198.	and who has reached the age of 65, or who, at any age, has paid
199.	annual dues for the immediately preceding 30 years, may upon
200.	retirement request emeritus status. This status permits continued
201.	active association with the Society as provided for in Bylaw IV,
202.	Section 1 A (iii).
203.	BYLAW III. Organization of the Society
204.	Section 1. Chapters. A. Chapters. (i) Location and
205.	Requirements for a Chapter. A chapter may be established by
206.	action of the Board of Directors, advised by a committee designated
207.	by the Board , at any location where scientific research is cultivated
208.	and promoted. Of considerable importance are evidences of official
209.	commitments to the development and support of research by the
210.	institution in the immediate and long-range future.
211.	Ordinarily locations approved for chapter status will be single
212.	educational, governmental, or industrial institutions whose
213.	permanency is reasonably assured. In some instances chapters may
214.	be approved at locations whose research strength and potential is
215.	dependent upon the combined research organizations of two or more
216.	institutions so situated physically that they can participate together as
217.	companions in zealous research.
218.	Before any petitioning group can be recommended for chapter status,
219.	a committee designated by the Board shall ascertain by inquiry,
220.	study, and visits, where appropriate, if the conditions at the
221.	institution(s) involved are conducive to further scientific research.
222.	(ii) The Petition. A petition for the granting of a charter for the
223.	establishment of a chapter shall be communicated to the Executive
224.	Director, who, in turn, shall refer it to the committee designated by
225.	the Board to determine the suitability of the petition. At least 18
226.	active members, of whom at least 9 must be full active Members,
227.	must agree in the petition to become members of the chapter. If the
228.	committee , by at least a three-fourths majority vote, recommends
229.	approval of the Board of Directors, and it, in turn, approves by a like
230.	vote, the Executive Director shall initiate the process of installation
231.	of a new chapter.
232.	(iii) Chapter Charter. Each charter for the establishment of a new
233.	chapter shall be signed by the President and the Executive Director,
234.	and shall be presented by the installing officer to the petitioning
235.	group at a special installation ceremony arranged by the petitioning
236.	group in consultation with the Executive Director. The form of the
237.	charter is set forth in Bylaw III, Section 1 D (i) and (ii) , below.
238.	(iv) Affiliation with a Chapter. A Member or Associate Member,
239.	upon presenting satisfactory credentials showing election to
240.	membership in the Society, and complying with the provisions of
241.	Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution, is entitled to appropriate
242.	membership in any chapter depending upon such relationship to the
243.	institution(s) hosting the chapter as said institution(s) may require.
244.	(v) Revocation of a Chapter Charter. Any chapter not in good
245.	standing (Bylaw III, 1C) will be placed on probation for a one year
246.	period by the committee designated by the Board to oversee chapter
247.	activities. If after one year on probation, a chapter has not returned
248.	to good standing, the committee may initiate the necessary action
249.	for revocation of the chapter's charter as indicated below. The
250.	charter of a chapter may be revoked by the Board of Directors, by a
251.	three-fourths majority vote of those present at a meeting of the
252.	Board, provided the Board action was taken in response to a three-
253.	fourths majority vote of the members of the committee present at a
254.	meeting following a thorough investigation of the chapter concerned
255.	and the taking of all possible remedial steps to preclude the necessity
256.	for such action by the committee.
257.	B. Good Standing of Chapters. To remain in good standing, a
258.	chapter should (a) elect and initiate, via any mechanism open to the
259.	chapter, new Members and/or Associate Members on at least one
260.	occasion in two consecutive years, or, for chapters at non-academic
261.	institutions, provide a record satisfactory to the appropriate
262.	committee designated by the Board of either contributions to and
263.	involvement in improvement of mathematics and science education
264.	or the promotion of science or engineering to young people, (b) file
265.	with the Executive Director an annual report on or about 1 July of
266.	each year, providing evidence that the chapter is contributing to the
267.	encouragement of scientific research, pure or applied, and is serving
268.	the other objectives of the Society, (c) be represented at the
269.	Assembly of Delegates at least once every three years, and (d)
270.	provide timely annual notification to the Executive Director of the
271.	officers of the chapter.
272.	C. (reserved)
273.	D. The Charter. The charter issued to a chapter shall contain two
274.	paragraphs, to wit:
275.	(i) First Paragraph. The first paragraph of the charter of a chapter
276.	shall be in the following form:
277.	"Be it hereby known that a charter for the establishment of a chapter
278.	of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society at .........to be known as
279.	the ........Chapter, is hereby granted to the following persons as
280.	Charter Members and Charter Associate Members, conveying to
281.	them and to their duly elected successors all the privileges and
282.	responsibilities conferred by the Constitution of the Society; (list of
283.	names)"
284.	(ii) Second Paragraph. The second paragraph of the charter of a
285.	chapter shall be in the following form:
286.	"In witness whereof, the signatures of the President and the
287.	Executive Director, together with the Seal of the Society, are
288.	hereunto affixed on the ..........day of ..........in the year......."
289.	E. Geographic Regions. Chapters located in North America are
290.	assigned to the geographic region in which they are located.
291.	Chapters located outside North America shall be assigned to a
292.	geographic region by the Board of Directors after consultation with
293.	the chapter. A chapter having special ties to a chapter in another
294.	region may ask to be reassigned, and the Board of Directors shall act
295.	on such requests. Once each decade the Board of Directors shall
296.	evaluate the distribution of members and chapters within the
297.	geographic regions and make appropriate changes to geographic
298.	boundaries.
299.	F. Constituency Groups. Chapters located in the United States and
300.	its territories are assigned by the Board of Directors to one of four
301.	constituency groups of chapters from similar institutions. Chapters
302.	located outside of the United States and its territories are assigned to
303.	the Canadian/International constituency group. A chapter may ask to
304.	be reassigned to a different constituency group, and the Board of
305.	Directors shall act on such requests.
306.	Section 2. The Assembly of Delegates. A. Duties of the
307.	Assembly. The Assembly of Delegates shall meet annually in
308.	General Session at which time the delegates shall consider and act
309.	upon business, and elect such officers as may be required.
310.	B. Caucuses. In addition to the General Sessions of the Assembly
311.	of Delegates attended by all delegates, the Annual Meeting shall
312.	provide time for caucuses of each geographic region and
313.	constituency group at which time the delegates may meet and
314.	conduct such discussions and business, including the election of a
315.	Director, a member of the Committee on Nominations, and members
316.	of the region or group nominating committees, as may be required.
317.	The appropriate Director shall preside over each caucus. Directors
318.	prepare agendas of matters to be discussed, which shall include
319.	matters of interest to science and to the Society as a whole, as well
320.	as matters specific to the interest of the geographic region or
321.	constituency group. The Director may act as spokesperson for the
322.	geographic region or constituency group at General Sessions of the
323.	Assembly of Delegates.
324.	C. (reserved)
325.	D. (reserved)
326.	E. (reserved)
327.	F. Agenda of the General Session of the Assembly of Delegates.
328.	(i) Order of Business. The Preliminary Agenda of the General
329.	Session of an Assembly of Delegates shall set forth the order of
330.	business proposed by the President. The Preliminary Agenda may
331.	be amended at the opening of the First Session of said Assembly,
332.	and shall be adopted by a majority vote of the Assembly of
333.	Delegates.
334.	(ii) Change in the Order of Business. The regular order of
335.	business, having been adopted, may be suspended or modified by a
336.	three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly of Delegates.
337.	(iii) Rules of Order. Meetings of the Assembly of Delegates shall
338.	be conducted in accordance with the current edition of Robert's
339.	Rules of Order Newly Revised, except when in conflict with the
340.	Constitution or Bylaws, in which case the Constitution or Bylaws
341.	shall prevail. The President shall serve as the presiding officer of the
342.	Assembly, and the Executive Director as its secretary. The presiding
343.	officer may limit debate for the purpose of maintaining the time
344.	schedule of the Assembly.
345.	(iv) Limitations on Resolutions. (a) No resolution, except those
346.	reported by official committees or those hereinafter defined, will be
347.	in order for consideration by an Assembly of Delegates unless
348.	having been presented first to the Committee on Resolutions. All
349.	proposed resolutions of a substantive nature, including motions, to
350.	be eligible for passage at an Assembly of Delegates, must have been
351.	submitted 150 days prior to the convening of that Assembly of
352.	Delegates and circulated to the chapters 60 days in advance of the
353.	meeting. The Executive Director shall inform the chapters of the
354.	final date for submission of proposed resolutions, and invite the
355.	chapters to make their submissions through the Executive Director.
356.	(b) Motions and resolutions of a substantive nature offered by the
357.	Board of Directors, or motions and resolutions merely expressing the
358.	sense of the Assembly, such as commemorative resolutions, are
359.	exempt from this provision. (c) Proposals concerning resolutions of
360.	a substantive nature may be considered by the Assembly of
361.	Delegates for inclusion on the agenda of the next Assembly of
362.	Delegates, and a majority vote of the current Assembly of Delegates
363.	on such a proposal shall require that it be placed on the agenda of the
364.	next Assembly.
365.	(v) The Committee on Resolutions. The President shall appoint a
366.	Committee on Resolutions to consist of three members at least 150
367.	days prior to the convening of an Assembly of Delegates.
368.	Section 3. Officers of the Society. A. (reserved)
369.	B. Election of Officers. (i) Nomination by the Committee on
370.	Nominations. The Committee on Nominations shall present to the
371.	chapters through the Executive Director, at least 60 days prior to the
372.	convening of the Assembly of Delegates, a report which shall
373.	provide: (a) at least two nominees for President-elect; (b) at least
374.	two nominees for Treasurer, when required; together with (c) the
375.	normal biographical information such as would be available in
376.	standard publications and, in addition, data on past service to the
377.	Society together with the assurance that the nominee will serve if
378.	elected. To assist the Committee in its selection of nominees for
379.	Treasurer, the President, in consultation with the President-elect and
380.	the Chair of the Committee, shall appoint a search committee of not
381.	less than three and not more than five persons, none of whom may
382.	be an officer of the Society and not more than two of whom may be
383.	members of the Committee on Nominations. The search committee
384.	shall be appointed not less than three months before the Committee
385.	on Nominations meets to determine its nominees for Treasurer.
386.	(ii) Additional Nominations. Additional nominations for
387.	President-elect and for Treasurer may be made provided each
388.	nominee is supported by at least three chapters and further provided
389.	that the chapters have been furnished by the proposers through the
390.	Executive Director at least 21 days prior to the convening of the
391.	Assembly of Delegates with the name of the nominee and the
392.	additional information required in (i) above.
393.	C. (reserved)
394.	D. Vacancies. (i) In One Office. In the case of a vacancy in the
395.	office of President, the President-elect shall assume the office and
396.	the duties of the President they succeed and also serve the full
397.	presidential term of one year for which they were elected. In the
398.	case of a vacancy in the office of President-elect, the most recently
399.	retired president shall assume the duties, but not the office, until the
400.	next Assembly of Delegates, at which time both a President and a
401.	President-elect shall be elected. The newly elected President shall,
402.	in the interim between election by the Assembly of Delegates and
403.	the beginning of the elected term, serve as the President-elect. In the
404.	case of a vacancy in the office of Immediate Past President, the most
405.	recently retired President available shall assume the duties, but not
406.	the office, for the remainder of the term. In the case of a vacancy in
407.	the office of Treasurer, the President shall appoint a Treasurer to
408.	serve until the next Assembly of Delegates, at which time a
409.	successor shall be elected for the unexpired balance of the term of
410.	office.
411.	(ii) President and President-elect. Both Vacant. If the offices of
412.	both President and President-elect are simultaneously vacant, the
413.	Immediate Past President, or the Executive Director or Treasurer,
414.	shall convene the Board of Directors, which shall have the authority
415.	to fill the office of President and to appoint an individual to assume
416.	the duties, but not the office, of President-elect until the next
417.	Assembly of Delegates, at which time both a President and a
418.	President-elect shall be elected. Those individuals elected shall
419.	immediately assume office completing the unexpired terms of their
420.	predecessors prior to serving the terms for which they were elected.
421.	Section 4. Board of Directors. A. Membership. The Board of
422.	Directors shall consist of the President, the President-elect, the
423.	Immediate Past President, the Treasurer, the Executive Director
424.	(without vote), a Director elected for each geographic region by the
425.	chapters in the region, a Director elected for each constituency group
426.	by the chapters in the group, and a Director elected by the
427.	membership-at-large. No Director may occupy more than one seat
428.	on the Board of Directors.
429.	B. Election of Directors for Geographic Regions. (i)
430.	Nomination and Voting. At the Annual Meeting one year prior to
431.	electing a Director for a particular region, the caucus of that
432.	geographic region shall elect by ballot a Nominating Committee
433.	for the region following procedures established by the region and
434.	approved by the Board of Directors. The Director for the geographic
435.	region shall be an ex officio member of the Nominating Committee
436.	for the region. In those years in which a Director is required to be
437.	elected, the Nominating Committee shall report to the chapters of its
438.	region, through the Executive Director, at least 60 days prior to the
439.	convening of the caucus , a slate of at least three nominees residing
440.	in the region for each position up for election, together with the
441.	normal biographical data, information on the nominee's past service
442.	to the Society and the assurance that the nominee will serve if
443.	elected. In those years in which a member of the Committee on
444.	Nominations is to be elected, a procedure such as that described for
445.	the nomination and election of a Director of a geographic region
446.	shall be followed. Voting in the caucus for Director shall be by
447.	ballot, and each chapter represented by a delegate at the caucus shall
448.	have one vote. The nominee receiving the largest number of votes
449.	shall be declared elected, except that if two, or more, nominees are
450.	tied for the largest number of votes, they shall enter a run-off
451.	election. A Director shall be limited to two full successive terms of
452.	office, but may be nominated again for a term commencing at least
453.	three years after termination of the previous term. At any Annual
454.	Meeting, the caucus for a geographic region may elect an Associate
455.	Director for a term of three years, following the procedure for the
456.	nomination and election of a Director. The Associate Director shall
457.	assist the Director for the region and, at the request of the Director,
458.	may attend and vote at a meeting of the Board of Directors in place
459.	of the Director.
460.	(ii) Vacancies. In the event of a vacancy in the office of Director,
461.	that vacancy shall be filled by the Associate Director. If there is no
462.	Associate Director, that vacancy shall be filled by appointment by
463.	the President, with the advice and consent of the President-elect ,
464.	said appointee to serve until the next Annual Meeting at which time
465.	a special election shall be held by the affected geographic region to
466.	fill the unexpired term, following the regular procedures. If a
467.	Director ceases to reside in the region, the Director may, with the
468.	concurrence of the chapters in the region, continue to serve as a
469.	Director until the expiration of the Director’s term.
470.	(iii) Notification. The name of the newly elected Director (if any),
471.	the newly elected member of the Committee on Nominations (if
472.	any), and of the members of the Geographic Region Nominating
473.	Committee shall be reported to the Executive Director by the
474.	presiding officer of each caucus.
475.	(iv) Duties. The Director for a geographic region, in addition to the
476.	duties stated in the Constitution and in other sections of the Bylaws,
477.	shall work with, give advice to, and contribute to the health of
478.	chapters within the region.
479.	C. Election of Directors for Constituency Groups. (i)
480.	Nomination and Voting. At the Annual Meeting one year prior to
481.	electing a Director for a particular group, the caucus of that
482.	constituency group shall elect by ballot a Nominating Committee
483.	for the group following procedures established by the group and
484.	approved by the Board of Directors. The Director for the
485.	constituency group shall be an ex officio member of the Nominating
486.	Committee for the group. In those years in which a Director is
487.	required to be elected, the Nominating Committee shall report to the
488.	chapters of its group, through the Executive Director, at least 60 days
489.	prior to the convening of the caucus, a slate of at least three
490.	nominees belonging to the group for each position up for election,
491.	together with the normal biographical data, information on the
492.	nominee's past service to the Society and the assurance that the
493.	nominee will serve if elected. In those years in which a member of
494.	the Committee on Nominations is to be elected, a procedure such as
495.	that described for the nomination and election of a Director of a
496.	constituency group shall be followed. Voting in the caucus for
497.	Director shall be by ballot, and each chapter represented by a
498.	delegate at the caucus shall have one vote. The nominee receiving
499.	the largest number of votes shall be declared elected, except that if
500.	two, or more, nominees are tied for the largest number of votes, they
501.	shall enter a run-off election. A Director shall be limited to two full
502.	successive terms of office, but may be nominated again for a term
503.	commencing at least three years after termination of the previous
504.	term. At any Annual Meeting, the caucus for a constituency group
505.	may elect an Associate Director for a term of three years, following
506.	the procedure for the nomination and election of a Director. The
507.	Associate Director shall assist the Director for the group and, at the
508.	request of the Director, may attend and vote at a meeting of the
509.	Board of Directors in place of the Director.
510.	(ii) Vacancies. In the event of a vacancy in the office of Director,
511.	that vacancy shall be filled by the Associate Director. If there is no
512.	Associate Director, that vacancy shall be filled by appointment by
513.	the President, with the advice and consent of the President-elect, said
514.	appointee to serve until the next Annual Meeting at which time a
515.	special election shall be held by the affected constituency group to
516.	fill the unexpired term, following the regular procedures.
517.	(iii) Notification. The name of the newly elected Director (if any),
518.	the newly elected member of the Committee on Nominations (if
519.	any), and of the members of the Constituency Group Nominating
520.	Committee shall be reported to the Executive Director by the
521.	presiding officer of each caucus.
522.	(iv) Duties. The Director for a constituency group, in addition to
523.	the duties stated in the Constitution and in other sections of the
524.	Bylaws, shall work with, give advice to, and contribute to the health
525.	of chapters within the group.
526.	D. Election of the Director for the Membership-at-Large. (i)
527.	Nominations and Voting. At least one year before the election of a
528.	Director by the membership-at-large, the membership-at-large shall
529.	elect a Nominating Committee consisting of 5 members-at-large.
530.	The Nominating Committee shall present to the membership-at-large
531.	through the Executive Director at least 60 days prior to the voting for
532.	Director, a report which will provide at least three nominees from
533.	the membership-at-large together with the normal biographical
534.	information, data on the nominee's past service to the Society and
535.	assurance that the nominee will serve if elected. The Executive
536.	Director shall advise the membership-at-large of the nominees for
537.	Director, and their biographical information, and provide the
538.	opportunity for each member-at-large to cast a ballot to elect the
539.	Director within a 60 day period. The nominee receiving the largest
540.	number of votes shall be declared elected. A Director shall be
541.	limited to two full successive terms of office but may be nominated
542.	again for a term commencing at least three years after termination of
543.	the Director’s previous term. The Board of Directors is empowered
544.	to detail further procedures for the election of the Nominating
545.	Committee and the Director.
546.	(ii) Vacancies. In the event of a vacancy in the office of Director
547.	from the membership-at-large, that vacancy shall be filled by
548.	appointment by the President, with the advice and consent of the
549.	President-elect, to complete the unexpired term.
550.	(iii) Notification. The name of the newly elected Director and the
551.	members of the Nominating Committee shall be reported to the
552.	membership-at-large by the Executive Director.
553.	(iv) Delegates. The Director from the membership-at-large, and
554.	two members-at-large, appointed by the President on
555.	recommendation of the Director, shall be accredited as delegates
556.	from the membership-at-large at each Assembly of Delegates.
557.	E. Quorum of the Board of Directors. Eleven of the Directors
558.	(including designated Associate Directors) and Officers with vote,
559.	shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors.
560.	Section 5. The Executive Committee. A. Membership. (i)
561.	Selection of Members. The Board of Directors shall, at a meeting
562.	held prior to 1 July of each year, designate in even-numbered years a
563.	Director elected by a constituency group and in odd-numbered years
564.	a Director elected by a geographic region to serve on the Executive
565.	Committee for the ensuing two years. In selecting the Director to
566.	serve, consideration shall be given to the availability of the
567.	individual to serve for two years and to attend meetings.
568.	(ii) Selection of Alternates. If, in connection with the call of a
569.	meeting of the Executive Committee, it shall be determined that an
570.	officer or designated member will be unable to attend the meeting, it
571.	shall be the responsibility of that individual to select, from among
572.	the other members of the Board of Directors, an alternate to serve in
573.	the member's place.
574.	B. Duties and Limitations. The Executive Committee of the
575.	Board of Directors shall have the following specific duties, subject,
576.	however, to the conditions, limitations and requirements set forth
577.	below.
578.	(i) Powers. The Executive Committee shall have the power to act
579.	for the Board of Directors between meetings with respect to matters
580.	not excluded in subsection (v) below: (a) when action is required
581.	and the exigencies of the situation will not permit a delay until the
582.	next meeting of the Board of Directors or until a mail ballot can be
583.	taken; or (b) when the degree of confidentiality is so great as to
584.	require consideration by a smaller group; or (c) when the Executive
585.	Director requires an advise-and-consent service.
586.	(ii) Duties. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to assist
587.	the Board of Directors by: (a) giving preliminary consideration to
588.	matters which do not come within the purview of other committees
589.	or where time does not permit referral to the otherwise appropriate
590.	committee; (b) meeting shortly before each meeting of the Board of
591.	Directors to study agenda items with the purpose of clarifying their
592.	presentation to the Board of Directors in order to obtain informed
593.	Board decisions in the shortest time; and (c) considering such
594.	specific matters as shall be referred to it from time to time by the
595.	Board of Directors and taking such action with respect thereto as
596.	shall be called for by the Board's referral.
597.	(iii) Responsibilities. The Executive Committee shall be
598.	responsible to the Board of Directors for providing: (a) overall
599.	supervision of the Headquarters of the Society, and (b) advise-and-
600.	consent services to the Executive Director in connection with
601.	operational matters and policies, including major staff appointments
602.	and personnel policies.
603.	(iv) Right of Co-optation. The Executive Committee shall have
604.	the power, as occasioned, to co-opt, as resource persons, such
605.	members of the Society, or others, as it shall deem appropriate to
606.	discharge its duties and functions.
607.	(v) Limitations. The Executive Committee shall not have the
608.	power to: (a) elect or remove officers, except to remove the
609.	Executive Director; (b) act in contravention of policies established
610.	by the Board of Directors; (c) authorize the sale or other disposition
611.	of all or any substantial portion of the assets of the Society; (d) act
612.	for the Board of Directors in granting and revoking charters for
613.	chapters or (e) create and authorize new policy.
614.	(vi) Record of Actions. A record shall be kept of the formal actions
615.	of the Executive Committee, and a report thereon shall be made to
616.	the next meeting of the Board of Directors as the Board shall from
617.	time to time require.
618.	(vii) Quorum. Five members, including designated alternate
619.	members, shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Committee.
620.	Section 6. Committees of the Society. Unless otherwise specified
621.	in the Bylaws or in a resolution of the Board of Directors, the
622.	membership of Committees of the Society will be by appointment by
623.	the President, with the advice and consent of the President-elect,
624.	upon recommendation of the Committee Chair. The President and
625.	the President-elect shall be members, ex officio, and with the vote, of
626.	all committees except the Committees on Audit Review and
627.	Nominations. In the event that a member of a Committee, other than
628.	the Committee on Nominations, is unable to attend a scheduled
629.	meeting, the Chair of the Committee, after consultation with the
630.	Executive Director and the member concerned, may co-opt a
631.	qualified person to serve, with the vote, in the member's place. A
632.	Chair of a committee other than the Committee on Nominations,
633.	may also invite other individuals, as resource persons without vote,
634.	if in consultation with the Executive Director such participation is
635.	deemed necessary for the discharge of the Committee's mandate.
636.	A. Committee on Finances. (a) Membership of the Committee.
637.	The Committee on Finances shall consist of the Treasurer as Chair,
638.	together with the President, the President-elect and the Executive
639.	Director, ex officiis, and six members, three of whom shall not be
640.	Directors, nominated by the Treasurer and approved by the Board of
641.	Directors for three-year staggered terms. An elected member of the
642.	Committee shall be limited to two full successive terms but may be
643.	nominated again for a term commencing at least three years after
644.	termination of the previous term. (b) Duties. It shall be the duty of
645.	this Committee to advise the Board of Directors of the Society and
646.	of the Corporation regarding all aspects of the finances of the Society
647.	and Corporation, including, but not limited to the raising and
648.	acquisition of capital funds; the investment of its endowments, funds
649.	and reserves; and the annual budgets for research, operations and
650.	capital equipment, including the physical plant. It shall prepare an
651.	annual budget for the consideration of the Board of Directors, and a
652.	copy of the annual budget will be furnished to each chapter at least
653.	60 days prior to the Assembly of Delegates.
654.	B. Committee on Audit Review. The Committee on Audit
655.	Review shall consist of three members appointed at the Annual
656.	Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation to serve
657.	between Annual Assemblies of Delegates for three-year staggered
658.	terms. The senior member shall serve as Chair. It shall be the duty
659.	of this committee to: (a) discuss with the auditors the scope and
660.	results of their examinations, (b) establish and maintain an open line
661.	of communication between the Board of Directors and the auditors,
662.	(c) assure itself that the accounting procedures and financial controls
663.	of the Society and of the Corporation adequately safeguard the assets
664.	of the Society and of the Corporation and ensure the reliability of its
665.	financial records and (d) ascertain that the official auditors do
666.	contribute to Sigma Xi any and all of the affirmative comments and
667.	suggestions which can be helpful in improving the overall operations
668.	of the Society.
669.	C. Committee on Nominations. (a) The Committee on
670.	Nominations shall consist of one member elected by each geographic
671.	region, one member elected by each constituency group, one
672.	member elected by the membership-at-large, and the three most
673.	recently retired and available presidents of the Society. The Chair
674.	shall be elected by the Board of Directors from among the members
675.	of the Committee other than the retired presidents. No Director may
676.	serve on the Committee. The elected members of the Committee
677.	shall be elected to three-year rotating terms. An elected member of
678.	the Committee shall be limited to one three year term but may be
679.	nominated again for a term commencing at least three years after
680.	termination of the previous term. It shall be the duty of this
681.	Committee to present nominations to the Assembly of Delegates for
682.	the officers to be elected as required by Bylaw III, Section 3 B (i),
683.	which nominations may not include individuals currently serving on
684.	the Committee. All nominations by this Committee shall reach the
685.	Executive Director in sufficient time to be included in the call of the
686.	Assembly of Delegates as required in Article III, Section 2 B of the
687.	Constitution. Procedures of this Committee shall conform to those
688.	established by the Executive Committee, and copies thereof shall be
689.	furnished to each member of the Committee immediately after
690.	election or designation. The term of this Committee shall commence
691.	upon the adjournment of the Assembly of Delegates and terminate
692.	upon the adjournment of the succeeding Assembly of Delegates.
693.	D. Other Committees of the Society. Committees for the
694.	operations and activities of the Society may be established and
695.	disestablished by the Board of Directors from time to time. The
696.	Board of Directors shall define the duties and responsibilities of a
697.	committee, the number of members to serve on the committee, and
698.	the duration of the committee. In establishing a committee, the
699.	Board of Directors, by a two-thirds vote, may require that the
700.	committee be disestablished only by a two-thirds vote. Unless
701.	otherwise provided for in the resolution establishing a committee,
702.	the chair of the committee shall be elected by the Board of Directors.
703.	E. Terms of Chairs and Members of Committees. Terms of
704.	chairs and members of all committees of the Society, except for the
705.	Committee on Audit Review and the Committee on Nominations,
706.	which have special terms as set forth in the appropriate Bylaw, shall
707.	coincide with the Society's Year.
708.	F. Reports of Committees. Reports and recommendations of
709.	committees made to the Board of Directors of the Society shall also
710.	be considered made to the Board of Directors of the Corporation
711.	whenever and wherever deemed necessary.
712.	Section 7. Meetings. A. Notice. Notice shall be interpreted to be:
713.	(a) 15 days for meetings of the Board of Directors, and (b) five days
714.	for meetings of the Executive Committee and any committee of the
715.	Society.
716.	B. Manner of Giving Notice. Notice shall be given by mail,
717.	telephone, telegraph, electronically or personally. Meetings may be
718.	held by conference call. Notice may be waived either before or after
719.	a meeting by any person entitled thereto.
720.	Section 8. (reserved)
721.	Section 9. The Executive Director. The Executive Director shall
722.	be the custodian of the Seal of the Society and of the Archives of the
723.	Society, and shall plan and direct the affairs of the Society in
724.	accordance with the guidance of the President, President-elect,
725.	Immediate Past President, Treasurer and the Executive Committee,
726.	subject to the policies established by the Board of Directors. Unless
727.	the Board of Directors shall make other arrangements, the Executive
728.	Director shall serve as the publisher of the publications of the
729.	Society.
730.	Section 10. (reserved)
731.	BYLAW IV. Dues and Expenses of the Society
732.	Section 1. Dues and Fees. A. Annual Dues. (i) How Set. Dues
733.	for the active membership, except for Life Members, shall be set
734.	annually by a plurality vote of the Assembly of Delegates upon the
735.	recommendation of the Board of Directors at a rate consonant with
736.	the policies relative to dues and financial administration set by the
737.	Assembly of Delegates.
738.	(ii) Reduced Dues. Members and Associate Members who are
739.	eligible may request one or other of the following reductions, but not
740.	both. (a) Same household. In cases where two members of the same
741.	household are active in the Society and only one copy of American
742.	Scientist is requested, a reduction equal to one-half of the annual
743.	dues of that member not receiving copies of American Scientist is
744.	made in the combined annual dues, provided that both renewal
745.	notices are paid and returned together. (b) Full-time students.
746.	Members or Associate Members who are full-time degree-seeking
747.	students at an institution of higher education may request reduced
748.	dues as established according to Bylaw IV 1 A (i).
749.	(iii) Emeritus Members. The annual dues of each emeritus
750.	member shall be equal to one-half of the current dues for the active
751.	membership established according to Bylaw IV 1 A (i), and it may
752.	be paid either by the individual or by the chapter with which the
753.	member is affiliated on the member's behalf.
754.	B. Life Membership Fee. The amount of the fee for life
755.	membership shall be set from time to time by a plurality vote of the
756.	Assembly of Delegates upon recommendation of the Board of
757.	Directors.
758.	C. Initial and Promotion Fees. (i) How Set. The amount of the
759.	initial fee for newly elected members, and the amount of the
760.	promotion fee for promotion to full membership, shall be
761.	recommended by the Board of Directors and approved by a plurality
762.	vote of the Assembly of Delegates. Initiates, and Associate
763.	Members seeking promotion who are not active, shall also be
764.	required to pay one year's annual dues as a condition of election or
765.	promotion.
766.	(ii) Reduction of Initial Fees. Any chapter may elect to reduce the
767.	initial fees by an amount equal to the local support allocation with
768.	the provision that no local support for that individual will be paid to
769.	the chapter with which that initiate is active during the first fiscal
770.	year following election. Any chapter electing to have reduced initial
771.	fees must do so for all such fees in that fiscal year.
772.	D. Assessments. If and when necessary for capital expenses, an
773.	assessment may be levied on all active members in such amount and
774.	payable on such terms as may be recommended by the Board of
775.	Directors and authorized by a plurality vote of the Assembly of
776.	Delegates.
777.	E. Local Chapter Dues. Local chapter dues, if assessed, shall be
778.	set in an amount and by procedures provided for in the bylaws of the
779.	chapter. The chapter shall have the option of collecting them
780.	directly or requesting the Treasurer of the Society to collect them.
781.	Section 2. Expenses. A. Proper Expenses. The proper expenses
782.	of the Society shall include, but are not limited to, the following:
783.	operations of the Headquarters of the Society; publication of
784.	American Scientist; the Lectureships Program; Grants-in-Aid of
785.	Research; authorized travel expenses of the staff, officers, members
786.	of the Board of Directors and members of committees in accordance
787.	with regulations approved by the Board of Directors; subvention of
788.	travel for delegates attending an Assembly of Delegates in
789.	accordance with regulations approved by the Assembly of Delegates
790.	and local support allocations.
791.	B. Local Support. The sum allocated from annual dues by a
792.	plurality vote of the Assembly of Delegates for local support of the
793.	chapters shall be forwarded by the Executive Director to the
794.	treasurers of the chapters, except that local support shall be withheld
795.	from any chapter not currently in good standing as defined in Bylaw
796.	III, Section 1 B.
797.	BYLAW V. Seal and Insignia of the Society
798.	Section 1. The Seal of the Society. The Seal of the Society shall
799.	show a wreath of laurel, typifying the honorary character of
800.	membership in the Society, arranged as an oval and enclosing the
801.	words "Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society" at the top, and
802.	the motto, in Greek, at the bottom. These words shall form an inner
803.	oval, concentric with the first, punctuated with ten stars, and
804.	enclosing a field illuminated by a Grecian lamp to represent the
805.	Lamp of Research. Above the lamp, in the field of illumination,
806.	shall be placed the monogram of the Society and the date, 1886,
807.	when it was founded.
808.	Section 2. Official Insignia. The official insignia shall be:
809.	A. The Key. A gold watch-chain pendant, charm or pin consisting
810.	of a four-piece monogram style of insignia in the shape of a key
811.	described as follows: the base is a large, brightly polished Greek
812.	letter X (Xi) scrolled out to shape and superimposed thereon a Greek
813.	letter S (Sigma). Affixed to the top of the base letter is a decorative
814.	post and ring, and at the base, a standard decorative key end. On the
815.	reverse side of the key may be engraved the name of the chapter in
816.	which the Member or Associate Member was initiated together with
817.	the date of initiation and initiate's name.
818.	B. The Ring. A gold insignia ring bearing the monogram of the
819.	Society together with a wreath of laurel, appropriately mounted.
820.	Section 3. Procurement. The various insignia shall be obtained
821.	only through the Office of the Executive Director, who shall arrange
822.	to have authorized orders filled by an official jeweler, the latter
823.	appointed by the Executive Director with the approval of the Board
824.	of Directors.
825.	Section 4. Colors. The colors of the Society shall be electric blue
826.	and white.
827.	Section 5. Stationery. The official stationery of the Society shall
828.	bear the monogram described in Article V of the Constitution.
829.	BYLAW VI. Terms of Regional Directors in the Northwest
830.	and Southeast Regions.
831.	Section 1. Temporary arrangements for terms of Directors
832.	and Associate Directors in the Northwest and Southeast
833.	Regions. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding
834.	Bylaws, the following arrangements shall be made during the
835.	period 6 August 2005 until 30 June 2009.
836.	A. Terms of Office for Directors and Associate Directors in
837.	the Northwest and Southeast Regions Elected in 2004 and
838.	2005. (i) Directors. Regional Directors elected at the 2004
839.	annual meeting in the Northwest and Southeast Regions shall
840.	serve a term of four years from 1 July 2005 until 30 June 2009.
841.	In the event a vacancy should occur in one or both of these
842.	positions, the provisions of Bylaw III 4 B (ii) shall apply.
843.	(ii) Associate Directors. Associate Directors elected by the
844.	Northwest and Southeast Regions at the annual meeting in
845.	2005 shall serve a term of two years from 1 July 2006 until 30
846.	June 2008.
847.	Section 2. Automatic revocation of Bylaw. This Bylaw will
848.	be revoked and annulled on 30 June 2009 without further action
849.	by the Board of Directors.